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Saleswomen And The Middle -Class: Gender And Class Conflict Within The Chicago Department Store, 1880-1930

机译：女推销员和中产阶级：1880-1930年在芝加哥百货公司内的性别和阶级冲突

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Between 1880 and 1930, the emergence of a consumer culture and the increase in wage-earning women challenged traditional values. Anxiety over these changes was perhaps strongest within the middle-class who developed a reform culture to respond to a society that they felt was in chaos. As monuments of consumption, department stores sat at the nexus of the working-class culture of saleswomen and the middle-class culture of customers and management. A national leader in both the creation of the modern department store and the Progressive reform movement, Chicago provides a unique location to study this intersection. Middle-class reformers and female clerks alike were concerned with low pay and poor working conditions, but middle-class reformers also acted out of concern for the clerksu27 moral behavior and well-being, while saleswomen were largely frustrated by limited economic opportunities and a lack of autonomy. It was ultimately the combined efforts of store clerks, reformers, and wider social changes that led to gradual, but significant improvement in working conditions for saleswomen by the end of the 1920s.

机译：在1880年至1930年之间，消费文化的出现和赚取工资的女性的增加对传统价值观提出了挑战。在中产阶级中，对这些变化的担忧可能最强烈，他们发展了一种改革文化来应对他们认为陷入混乱的社会。作为消费的遗迹，百货商店是推销员的工人阶级文化与顾客和管理人员的中产阶级文化的纽带。作为创建现代百货商店和渐进式改革运动的全国领导者，芝加哥为研究这个十字路口提供了独特的地理位置。中产阶级的改革者和女职员都对低薪和恶劣的工作条件感到担忧，但中产阶级的改革者也出于对职员的道德行为和福祉的考虑而行事，而女售货员在很大程度上受到有限的经济机会和缺乏自治。最终，商店店员，改革者和更广泛的社会变革的共同努力，导致了1920年代末女售货员的工作条件逐渐但显着改善。

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Wiggers Laura;
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Saleswomen And The Middle -Class: Gender And Class Conflict Within The Chicago Department Store, 1880-1930

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