Physical Therapy Modalities: How they Work and their Effectiveness in the Treatment of Shoulder Pain

摘要

The purpose of this paper is to explain the parts, administration, mechanism of action,udand beneficial effects of four different physical therapy modalities: Ultrasound, TranscutaneousudElectric Nerve Stimulation, Dry Needling, and Cupping. Ultrasound, and Transcutaneous NerveudStimulation have been used in physical therapy clinics for many years, whereas dry needling andudcupping are newer to the physical therapy practice. All four of these modalities are commonlyudused in treatment, which begs the question of whether they are effective. This paper presents theudresearch and findings from multiple sources on the effectiveness of these different modalities inudregards to shoulder pain.