GARNET-ORTHOPYROXENE EQUILIBRIA IN THE FMAS SYSTEM: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES, AND GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (GEOTHERMOMETRY, GEOBAROMETRY).

摘要

Equilibrium relations between garnet and orthopyroxene have been investigated by reversal experiments in the range of 20-45Kb and 975-1400°C in the FeO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂(FMAS) system. The Fe-Mg exchange reaction seems to have little or no compositional dependence at these conditions. The experimental results can be fitted adequately by the linear relation: ln K(D) = 2243/T°K - 0.9522 at 25Kb where K(D) = (X(Fe)/X(Mg))ᴳᵗ/(X(Fe)/X(Mg))ᴼᵖˣ. Combination of the available data for the mixing properties of garnet and V° for the Fe-Mg exchange reaction with the above experimental results yields the following geothermometric expression for the common natural assemblages that can be represented essentially within the system CaO-MnO-FeO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂. T°K = (1968 + 11P(Kb) + 1510(X(Ca)+X(Mn))ᴳᵗ)/(ln K(D) + 0.9522). The stability field of pyrope+quartz, defined by the reaction pryope+quartz=opx+sill, has been calculated as a function of P,T,X(Fe)ᴳᵗ in the FMAS system using the reversal experimental data of Perkins (1983) in the MAS system, and the present data on K(D)(Fe-Mg) between garnet and orthopyroxene. This reaction is very sensitive to pressure and compositional effects. Combination of P,T conditions for the garnet stability and that defined by (K(D)(Fe-Mg))ᴳᵗ⁻ᴼᵖˣ yields a simultaneous solution for both P and T of equilibration of garnet and orthopyroxene in the presence of Al₂SiO₅ and SiO₂. The effect of FeO on Al₂O₃ solubility in orthopyroxene in equilibrium with garnet has been determined experimentally at several pressures at 975 and 1200°C. These data have been modeled to develop a thermodynamic method for the calculation of Al₂O₃ in orthopyroxene as a function of P,T and composition. The Al₂O₃ isopleths have moderate P-T slopes, and provide virtually the only means of determining the pressure of mantle derived rocks.