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The Ecohydrological Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability of Amazonian Tropical Forests to Water Stress

机译:亚马逊热带森林对水分胁迫的抵御力和脆弱性的生态水文机理

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摘要

Predicting the interactions between climate change and ecosystems remains a core problem in global change research; tropical forest ecosystems are of particular importance because of their disproportionate role in global carbon and water cycling. Amazonia is unique among tropical forest ecosystems, exhibiting a high degree of coupling with its regional hydrometeorology, such that the stability of the entire forest-climate system is dependent on the functioning of its component parts. Belowground ecohydrological interactions between soil moisture environments and the roots which permeate them initiate the water transport pathway to leaf stomata, yet despite the disproportionate role they play in vegetation-atmosphere coupling in Amazonian forest ecosystems, the impacts of climate variability on the belowground environment remain understudied. The research which follows is designed to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of root functioning in Amazonian tropical forests as it relates to seasonality and extremes in belowground moisture regime as well as discerning which ecohydrological mechanisms govern ecosystem-level processes of carbon and water flux. A secondary research theme is the evaluation and use of models of ecosystem function as applied to Amazonia - these models are the "knowledge boxes" which build in the ecohydrological hypotheses (some testable than others) deemed to be most important for the forest ecosystems of Amazonia. In what follows, I investigate (i) which mechanisms of water supply (from the soil environment) and water demand (by vegetation) regulate the magnitude and seasonality of evapotranspiration across broad environmental gradients of Amazonia, (ii) how specific hypotheses of root function are or are not corroborated by soil moisture measurements conducted under normal seasonal and experimentally-induced extreme drought conditions, and (iii) the linkage between an extreme drought event with associated impacts on root zone soil moisture, the inferred response of root water uptake, and the observed impacts on ecosystem carbon and water flux in an east central Amazonian forest.
机译:预测气候变化与生态系统之间的相互作用仍然是全球变化研究的核心问题;热带森林生态系统特别重要,因为它们在全球碳和水循环中的作用不成比例。亚马孙在热带森林生态系统中是独特的,与区域水文气象学高度相关,因此整个森林-气候系统的稳定性取决于其组成部分的功能。土壤水分环境与渗透土壤的根部之间的地下生态水文学相互作用引发了向叶片气孔的水传输路径,尽管它们在亚马逊森林生态系统的植被-大气耦合中发挥了不成比例的作用,但气候变异性对地下环境的影响仍然未被研究。接下来的研究旨在解决我们对亚马逊热带森林的根系功能的理解中的关键知识空白,因为它与地下水分状况的季节性和极端情况有关,并识别哪些生态水文学机制控制着生态系统水平的碳和水通量过程。次要研究主题是评估和使用适用于亚马逊河流域的生态系统功能模型-这些模型是“知识框”,其基于对亚马逊河流域的森林生态系统最重要的生态水文学假说(某些可检验的假设) 。在接下来的内容中,我将研究(i)供水(来自土壤环境)和水分需求(通过植被)的哪些机制调节亚马逊河广泛环境梯度上的蒸散量和季节性,(ii)根功能的具体假设如何在正常的季节性和实验诱发的极端干旱条件下进行的土壤水分测量结果是否得到证实,以及(iii)极端干旱事件与对根区土壤水分的相关影响,推断的根系吸水反应之间的联系,以及在东亚中部森林中观察到的对生态系统碳和水通量的影响。

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    Christoffersen Bradley;

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