Recent advances on information technologies and communica-tions, coupled with the advent of the social media applications have fuelled a new landscape of emergency and disaster response systems by enabling affect-ed citizens to generate georeferenced real time information on critical events. The identification and analysis of such events is not straightforward and the ap-plication of crowdsourcing methods or automatic tools is needed for that pur-pose. Whereas crowdsourcing makes emphasis on the resources of people to produce, aggregate, or filter original data, automatic tools make use of infor-mation retrieval techniques to analyze publicly available information. This pa-per reviews a set of online tools and platforms implemented in recent years which are currently being applied in the area of emergency management and proposes a taxonomy for its categorization.
展开▼
