Chemoprevention of bawang dayak/sabrang (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) extracts to colitis-associated colon cancer model as the application of al-Qur’an surah al-Baqoroh verse 61

摘要

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females, with 1.4 million new cases and almost 694,000 deaths estimated to have occurred in 2012. Colorectal cancer is an emerging public health problem in Indonesia and currently ranks among the three highest cancers . The age standardized incidence rates of colorectal cancer per 100.000 populations in Indonesia were 19.1 for men and 15.6 for women. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that colorectal cancer patients in Indonesia are younger than patients in developed countries. More than 30% of cases were 40 years old or younger , while patients younger than 50 years in developed countries accounted for only 2-8% . In addition, where as young or early onset colorectal cancer in developed countries are often associated with familial cases , most Indonesian colorectal cancer patients are determined to be sporadic. With the increasing number of cases and the occurrence of colorectal cancer during a person’s productive years, it is obvious that colorectal cancer poses a major public health problem in Indonesia.