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Arsenic in the human food chain, biotransformation and toxicology- review focusing on seafood arsenic

机译:人类食物链中的砷,生物转化和毒理学-重点关注海鲜中的砷

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摘要

Fish and seafood are main contributors of arsenic (As) in the diet. The dominating arsenical is the organoarsenical arsenobetaine (AB), found particularly in finfish. Algae, blue mussels and other filter feeders contain less AB, but more arsenosugars and relatively more inorganic arsenic (iAs), whereas fatty fish contain more arsenolipids. Other compounds present in smaller amounts in seafood include trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), trimethylarsoniopropionate (TMAP), dimethylarsenate (DMA), methylarsenate (MA) and sulfur-containing arsenicals. The toxic and carcinogenic arsenical iAs is biotransformed in humans and excreted in urine as the carcinogens dimethylarsinate (DMA) and methylarsonate (MA), producing reactive intermediates in the process. Less is known about the biotransformation of organoarsenicals, but new insight indicates that bioconversion of arsenosugars and arsenolipids in seafood results in urinary excretion of DMA, possibly also producing reactive trivalent arsenic intermediates. Recent findings also indicate that the pre-systematic metabolism by colon microbiota play an important role for human metabolism of arsenicals. Processing of seafood may also result in transformation of arsenicals.
机译:鱼和海鲜是饮食中砷的主要成分。主要的砷是有机砷砷甜菜碱(AB),特别是在有鳍鱼类中。藻类,蓝贻贝和其他滤食动物的AB含量较低,但砷糖含量较高,无机砷(iAs)含量较高,而肥鱼则含有更多的砷脂质。海鲜中存在的其他少量化合物包括三甲基ar氧化物(TMAO),三甲基ar丙酸酯(TMAP),二甲基砷酸酯(DMA),甲基砷酸酯(MA)和含硫砷。有毒和致癌的砷iAs在人类中发生了生物转化,并以致癌物二甲基ar酸酯(DMA)和甲基ar酸酯(MA)的形式在尿液中排泄,在此过程中产生了反应性中间体。对有机砷的生物转化了解较少,但新的见解表明,海鲜中砷糖和砷脂的生物转化可导致尿中DMA排泄,也可能产生反应性三价砷中间体。最近的发现还表明,结肠微生物群的系统前代谢对于人类砷的代谢起着重要作用。海鲜的加工也可能导致砷的转化。

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