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STORMWATER RUNOFF MITIGATION AND WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS THROUGH THE USE A GREEN ROOF IN PITTSBURGH, PA

机译:通过使用宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的绿色屋顶,减少暴雨径流并改善水质

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摘要

A green roof was constructed in Pittsburgh, PA to help reduce combined sewer overflows (CSOs) events. They occur because the sewer infrastructure of Pittsburgh, and many older cities, is inadequately designed to handle the large amounts of stormwater runoff created by the sprawling areas of impervious surfaces in today's modern cities. Raw sewage is frequently dumped into Pittsburgh's three rivers when the sewer system becomes overloaded.A 12, 300 square foot extensive green roof was constructed at a commercial and residential site in Pittsburgh to measure the stormwater benefits. The green roof sits atop the new portion of an expanded supermarket, with a 21,000 square foot conventionally ballasted roof covering the existing portion. The green roof consists of a 5 1/2 inch thick layer of soilless mix and a plant layer consisting mainly of sedum varieties. Using the conventional roof as a control, an extensive monitoring system was constructed to measure parameters including rainwater, soil moisture and runoff.The absorption of rainwater by the substrate and plants reduces the total volume of runoff that reaches the sewer system by between 5 and 70 percent. At least a 20 percent reduction occurs for a rain storm of 0.6 inches or less. Storm duration, total rainfall amount and soil moisture prior to the storm affect performance. The peak flow rate of runoff leaving the roof is also significantly reduced, by 5 to 70 percent. The flow rate is lower at all stages of storm. The green roof also delayed the start of runoff and, at times, the peak flow. At the conclusion of a storm, runoff would continue to flow from the green roof for up to several hours longer than the control roof at a very low rate.Water quality tests on runoff and rainfall samples indicate that a first flush effect is not present in the green roof runoff. The concentration of phosphorus was elevated in the green roof runoff, likely from the use of fertilizers. COD was also elevated, while turbidity levels were lower than the control roof. Runoff from both roofs neutralized the slightly acidic rainwater.
机译:在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡建造了一个绿色屋顶,以帮助减少下水道溢流(CSO)的综合事件。之所以会发生这种情况,是因为匹兹堡和许多较旧的城市的下水道基础设施设计得不够完善,无法处理当今现代城市中不透水的地面所产生的大量雨水径流。当下水道系统过载时,未加工的污水经常被排入匹兹堡的三河。在匹兹堡的一个商业和住宅区建造了一个12,300平方英尺的绿色屋顶,以衡量雨水的收益。绿色屋顶位于扩建后的超级市场的​​新部分之上,其21,000平方英尺的传统压载屋顶覆盖了现有部分。绿色屋顶由5 1/2英寸厚的无土混合物层和主要由景天属植物组成的植物层组成。使用常规屋顶作为控制,构建了一个广泛的监控系统来测量包括雨水,土壤湿度和径流在内的参数。基质和植物对雨水的吸收使到达下水道系统的径流总量减少了5到70百分。对于0.6英寸或更小的暴风雨,至少会减少20%。暴风雨的持续时间,总降雨量和暴风雨前的土壤湿度会影响性能。离开屋顶的径流的峰值流速也显着降低了5%至70%。在暴风雨的所有阶段,流速都较低。绿色屋顶还延缓了径流的开始,有时还延迟了峰值流量。暴风雨结束时,径流会比正常的屋顶以非常低的速率持续从绿色屋顶流出长达数小时之久。径流和降雨样本的水质测试表明,没有冲刷效应。绿色的屋顶径流。屋顶绿化径流中磷的浓度可能因使用化肥而升高。化学需氧量也升高,而浊度水平低于对照屋顶。两个屋顶的径流中和了微酸性的雨水。

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    Bliss Daniel James;

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  • 年度 2007
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 en
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