Bibliographic Access to Non-Roman Scripts in Library OPACs: A Study of Selected ARL Academic Libraries in the United States

摘要

With the increasing availability of non-Roman script materials in academic/research libraries, bibliographic access to vernacular characters in library OPACs becomes one of the primary means for users of these materials to access and use them efficiently. Though Romanization, as a bibliographic control tool, has been studied extensively during the past five decades, investigations of using original (vernacular) scripts remain inadequate. The purpose of this study was to trace the transition from Romanization-based to vernacular-based bibliographic access to non-Roman script materials. Two major developments contributing to this transition were the availability of records with script characters from bibliographic utilities, and the development of a universal character set, the Unicode standard. The main data collection instrument was a self-administered mail questionnaire sent to a purposive sample of academic library members in the Association of Research Libraries with sizeable non-Roman script collections. Another data collection technique utilized was document/Web site analysis of bibliographic utilities and library automation vendors. Forty five questionnaires were obtained, which represented 65% of an actual population of 69 libraries. The major conclusions of this study are: (1) Most academic libraries catalog their non-Roman script materials using vernacular characters in bibliographic utilities, not on their OPACs; (2) Despite the advances in multilingual support capabilities in automated library systems, academic libraries are still unable to exploit these systems to their maximum benefit; (3) The majority of libraries surveyed performed CJK cataloging in vernacular characters, but Cyrillic cataloging is still in romanized format; (4) CJK and Arabic/Hebrew librarians showed a strong attitude toward vernacular cataloging; Cyrillic librarians showed significant opposition (42%) in their attitudes toward Cyrillic vernacular cataloging; (5) Catalogers of CJK and Arabic/Hebrew materials experienced various difficulties with Romanization; Cyrillic catalogers had the least trouble with Romanization; and (6) Among the systems librarians surveyed, 58% indicated future plans considering scripts support.In addition, the study has developed a set of functional requirements for OPAC designers and systems managers with regard to vernacular access to script characters in bibliographic records. The future research directions recommended concern the future of Romanization as a bibliographic control tool, end users' familiarity with transliteration tables, re-cataloging romanized records to include scripts, and multilingual authority files.