L'émergence de l'idée moderne d'art dans Les Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et la peinture (1719) de l' Abbé Dubos (1670-1742)

摘要

The thesis proposes to make a foray into the aesthetic thinking of late seventeenth century and early eighteenth century, that is to say into the beginnings of this new discipline as a science apart. Contributions from Jean-Baptiste Dubos to the birth of this discipline are massive, so the philosopher of art retains and is worthing all our attention. First, thanks to the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns, his mind is enriched and formed, his knowledge grows in order to enable him to achieve a synthesis, in his aesthetic system, of the rich eidetic pallet deployed up to him. Having as a starting point the Cartesianism, from whom he differs entirely and from whom he inherits only dogmatism (universality), this time applied to the sixth sense, one who judges about the value of a work of art, Dubos arrives at setting himself up as a writer of an opposite current, akin to sensationalism. The praise of the senses, to the detriment of reason, senses involved in the judgment of taste of the public, invited to the dissemination of art, shows a break between periods ; the new era belongs to Dubos and his disciples, who answer, even from foreign territories, as England and even Germany. The five parts of the thesis contain the description of the evolution, of the gigantic steps forward made in the field of aesthetic ideas by Abbe Dubos. If, in the first part, thanks to the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns, we find a break into the notions; the concept of climate being the nucleus of an aesthetic theory formulated with the utmost care of detail Dubos ; so also we find a focus on the subject, creator or receiver, subject who feels, the second part comes to continue to reveal the merits of Dubos, who makes possible a different attitude of public , public that no longer seeks for instruction in art, but for pleasure, born of a satisfied need, the one to be busy. The other three parts are exploring in a deeper way the aesthetic contribution of Dubos : psychological criticism, scientific criticism and comparative poetry / painting criticism. The qualities of Dubos as a good psychologist, who dips into the soul of the public when it is moved, make possible a better creation of genius, who now knows to speak to public, so moving. In this purpose, Dubos formulates a theory of the pleasure of art, artistic beauty and emotion, that he incorporates so welded to his system. In the fourth part, the scientific criticism, Dubos probes the soul of genius, the creator caught in the enthusiasm necessary for the birth of the true work of art, created to please. When the built of genius, formative causes as moral causes or physical causes are responsible for his artistic productions, poems or paintings. Both we have dealt with in the fifth part, by carrying out a parallel, not only in Dubos , but also among his successors, as Lessing priority . A conclusion reminds us of the merits of the Abbe Dubos in the foundation of modern aesthetics.