Análise de impactos na rede de distribuição de energia elétrica decorrentes da inserção de sistemas de geração fotovoltaicos

摘要

Currently, incentives for clean energy generation have been increasing considerablydue to the limitation of fossil fuels, until then used in abundance. In parallel, distributedgenerations increase with the reduction of the taxes of the embedded components of therenewable energy sources. However, the power quality (PQ) has been severely affectedby the increasing number of these types of energy sources connected to low voltage distributionnetworks. In this dissertation, the impact on the utility grid will be evaluatedunder varying levels of a photovoltaic system penetration. A 9 kWp photovoltaic plant,composed of three system topologies connected to a 15 kVA substation common couplingpoint, will be carried out: a 8 kWp three-phase fixed topology and a 1 kWp fixedsingle phase. These photovoltaic systems are power electronics based devices, such asinverters constructed from semiconductor switches, which, due to their construction andoperation, affect the waveform of the electrical voltage and current, deteriorating the PQ.From the analysis of PQ indices, obtained by means of discrete Fourier transform, forpower characteristics, voltage and current harmonics, imbalanced levels among systemphases and power factor regulation, an analysis of the impact generated by the photovoltaicplant at its point of connection with the utility grid will be performed. The indices willbe analyzed and compared to the standards established by the Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) in order to evaluate the impact caused by the connection ofthe photovoltaic system at the PCC.