Elaboração de uma unidade didática utilizando modelos e analogias na abordagem de conceitos relacionados ao conteúdo de estados físicos da matéria e ligações químicas

摘要

How to use de strategies of teaching that makes a better understanding of scientific concepts by through students is a challenge for many chemistry teachers in the basic education. According to the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais from High School (PCNEM) about chemistry knowledge, the teaching must to give the student the capacity of comprehension the chemical transformation on a way large and integrated, giving the wisdom from chemical process and the development of scientific knowledge with the technology, the environmental impacts, social, politics and economies. The studying about this subject “physical states of matter” it’s necessary to the understanding of the chemical transformation, join to the others conceptions in so many cases it is considered by students a hard to understand. In this perspective, the use of ways and analogies like strategies of teaching can contribute with the learning is many aspects, giving a good moments of reflection, discussion and participation about phenomenon that make a nature. Our goal in this work is to introduce a didactic proposal about physical states of matter and related contents, using like strategy from teaching ways and analogies with students from High School of a public school of country from Natal-RN. At the beginning it was made a quiz with fifteen teachers from High School of public school to investigate the main difficult there are by them about the use of forms and analogies in the process of teaching and learning from chemistry. After this analysis it was made the unity didactic that was applied with the students from first years of High School of Escola Estadual Professor Edgar Barbosa, located in Natal city, RN. For data collect it was used principles of qualitative research using the instruments like quiz to evaluate, by teachers and students about the content in the unit. In a part of resources used for date collect also was used the field journal. The preliminary result concerns that the chemistry teachers know the importance of strategies like ways and analogies showing like a main advantages of their using the capacity to become the learning of concepts and content chemical most significant , but showing they’re feeling difficulty in work the teaching approach different of traditional design. In relation to application of didactic unit it was possible to realize this proposal promoted in students motivation in the teaching-leaning process of related contents about matter constitution, which was evidenced through by performed activities, also we can see the creating concrete models enabled a greater involvement of students besides that, the elaboration and presentation of conceptual maps for them allowed also check the established relationships about concepts covered through this didactic proposal.