A indução de capacidade estatal pela União junto aos governos estaduais do Brasil: o perfil do marco normativo federal de segurança pública

摘要

The work researched the profile of federal regulatory and legal framework of publicsecurity for the induction of state capacities of state governments. The literature reviewrevealed the link among implementation approaches (top-down or bottom-up), policy'sgovernance, and state capacities, showing that differences on the perspective ofimplementation adopted may lead to distinct expectations regarding variety and lengthof state capacities that governments must have, according to the relative position thateach one of the governments have at the intergovernmental arrangements of publicpolicies. In this sense, it was verified that political nature of subnational governments,and the proximity of these regarding to citizens, if compared to the União, promoteunderstanding, a priori, by the acting of local governments in all of the stages of policyprocess, that in an intergovernmental approach of public policy, would come close tobottom-up perspective. From this angle, a capacity verified as required was therelational capacity, understood as the satisfactory and regular dialogue of governmentswith society to address problems that are considered of public nature by that society.The analyzes suggested that relational capacity could be inducted from fostering of thegovernance’s attributes of the public policy in the jurisdiction that state governmentsoperate, with previous mapping of socioeconomic and demographic-territorialconditions and the very governance of security public policy at the jurisdiction. Ananalysis model was conceived from these considerations and adopted in this research.Findings have shown that federal regulatory and legal framework of public securitypays little attention to the socio-economic and demographic-territorial conditions of theareas in that state governments act and has no references aimed to identifying thegovernance profile of the security policy. Regarding induction itself, it was found thatfederal regulatory and legal framework apparently has greater adherence about topdownperspective of implementation, pointing out to the development of this capacityon an expectation of the actions of state governments as implementers of the strategiesconceived by União. On the other hand, it was found the underlying and minoritypresence of references to the relational capacity-building of state governments under thebottom-up perspective on all security policy cycle, although positioned on initiativesthat have fragile legal framework or project law still under consideration in Congress.