Formação da habilidade de interpretar gráficos cartesianosem licenciandos em química segundo a teoria de P. Ya. Galperin

摘要

It has been remarkable among the Science Teaching debates the necessity that students do notlearn only theories, laws and concepts, but also develop skills which allows them to acttowards a critical citizenship. Therefore, some of the skills for the natural sciences learningmust be taught consciously, intentionally and in a planned way, as component of a basiccompetence. Studies of the last twenty years have shown that students and teachers haveplenty of difficulties about skills development and, among several, the skill of interpretingCartesian graphics, essential for the comprehension of Natural Science. In that sense, thedevelopment of that type of professional knowledge during the initial education of futureChemistry teachers has become strategic, not only because they need to know how to use it,but also because they need to know how to teach it. This research has as its general objectivethe organization, development and study of a process of formation of the skill of interpretingCartesian graphics as part of the teachers professional knowledge. It has been accomplishedthrough a formative experience with six undergraduate students of the Teaching DegreeCourse of Chemistry of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN FederalUniversity of Rio Grande do Norte), in Brazil. In order to develop that skill, we have used asreference P. Ya. Galperin s Theory of the Stepwise Formation of Mental Actions andConcepts and its following qualitative indicators: action form, degree of generalization,degree of consciousness, degree of independence and degree of solidness. The research, in aqualitative approach, has prioritized as instruments of data collecting the registering of theactivities of the undergraduate students, the observation, the questionnaire and the diagnosistests. At the first moment, a teaching framework has been planned for the development of theskill of interpreting Cartesian graphics based on the presupposed conceptions and steps ofGalperin s Theory. At the second moment, the referred framework has been applied and theprocess of the skill formation has been studied. The results have shown the possibility ofdevelop the skill conscious about the invariant operation system, with a high degree ofgeneralization and internalized the operational invariant in the mental plane. The studentshave attested the contributions at that type of formative experience. The research reveals theimportance of going deeper about the teaching comprehension of the individualities tied to theprocess of internalization, according to Galperin s Theory, when the update of abilities as partof the teaching professional knowledge is the issue