Gestão da cadeia de suprimento e vantagem competitiva:uma análise em setores industriais a partir da visão relacional

摘要

This work has as its main purpose to investigate the contribution of supply chainmanagement in order to obtain competitive advantage by companies from the textileindustry and from Ceará footwear industry, focusing its analysis mainly in the interorganizationalrelations (dyadic). For this, the theoretical referential contemplatesdifferent explanatory streams of the competitive advantage, detaching the relationalperception of the resources theory, as well as, the main presuppositions of the supplychain management which culminates with the development of an analysis samplethat runs the empirical study; the one which considers an expanded purpose of thesupply chain which includes the government and the abetment institutions asinstitutional environment representatives. Besides supply chain managementconsideration as a competitive advantage source, the work also tried to identify otherpossible competitive advantage sources for the companies of the investigatedsectors. It represents a study of multiple interpretive cases, having four cases as atotal; meaning two cases in each one of the sectors, which used as a primary datacollecting instrument a semi-structured interview schedule. Different methods wereused for the data analysis, the content analysis and the constant comparisonmethods, the analytical procedure originated from the grounded theory researchstrategy, which were applied the Atlas/ti software recourse. Considering thetheoretical referential and the used analysis sample, four basic categories of the workwere defined, including its respective proprieties and dimensions: (1) characteristicsconcerning to the relationship with the supplier; (2) the company relations with thegovernment; (3) the company relations with the abetment institutions and; (4)obtaining sources of competitive advantage. In general, the applied research in thefootwear sector revealed that in the relationships of the researched companiesrelated to its suppliers, there is a predominance of the partnership system and themain presuppositions of the supply chain management are applied which contributesfor the acquisition of the relational competitive advantage; while in the textile sector,only some of these presuppositions are applied, with little contribution for therelational competitive advantage. The main resource which was accessed by thecompanies in both sectors through its relationships with the government and theabetment institutions are the tax incentives which, for the footwear companies,contribute for the acquisition of the temporary competitive advantage in relation to thecontestants who do not own productive installations in the Northeast region, it alsoconducts to a competitive parity situation in relation to the contestants who ownproductive installations in the Northeast region and to the external marketcontestants; while for the companies of the textile sector, the tax incentives run thecompanies to a competitive parity situation in relation to its contestants. Furthermore,the investigated companies from the two sectors possess acquisition sources of thecompetitive advantage which collimate with different explanatory streams (industrialanalysis, resources theory, Austrian school and the dynamic capabilities theory),although there is a predominance of the product innovation as a competitiveadvantage source in both sectors, due to the bond of these with the fashiontendencies