Eficiência na gestão das compras públicas: um estudo de caso da modalidade pregão eletrônico nos processos licitatórios do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano

摘要

Electronic trading is a bidding modality. Its main features are: agility, reducing bureaucracy,transparency, price reduction and expansion of competitiveness, since bidders can competefrom a distance, allowing the participation of Micro and Small Companies. Despite the positivecharacteristics attributed to this modality, even so, it is necessary to analyze in detail the datarelated to the acquisition of goods and common services, as the basic principles of PublicAdministration, specifically, the principle of efficiency. Based on this, the present study aimsto identify positive and negative aspects related to economy, celerity, isonomic competitivenessunder the benefits granted by the status of Micro and Small Companies. Besides that, it alsoaims to identify the cancellation of items in public procurement through bidding processesthrough the electronic trading modality at Federal Institute of Education, Science andTechnology of Sertão Pernambucano, in the financial year of 2014. So it is a case study in theDepartment of Bidding and Purchasing, at the Institute aforementioned, regarding the biddingprocess. It is also an exploratory and documentary research with a quantitative approach. Thesample was 35 electronic auctions, and these data were extracted from the electronic site of theFederal Government Purchases (www.comprasgovernamentais.gov.br), known asComprasNet, as well as physical and electronic files produced by Bidding PermanentCommission of Auctions in 2014. The results revealed that 35 auctions sessions were approved,11 of continued services, 8 non-continuous services, 10 consumer goods and 6 permanentassets. Together, these sessions resulted in a saving of resources for the Federal Institute ofEducation, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano above average in other PublicOrganizations. In addition, the study revealed that the category of non-continuous service wasthe one with the largest economy of resources and celerity, with a shorter duration of days onthe trading external phase. Similarly, it was observed a greater economy of resources andcelerity in tenders whose criterion of judgment was the lowest price per item. However, thiscriterion had the highest number of canceled items. Regarding the participation of Micro andSmall Companies in the results of bidding, it was identified that these companies accounted fora higher percentage of the total amount approved in the electronic trading sessions whencompared to other business environments. However, small businesses in the Sertão ofPernambuco were those that had the lowest share in the results of the total amount approved inspite of the incentive granted by Complementary Law nº 123/2006. Another important resultwas that there was a high number of canceled items, mainly due to unsuccessful bidding. Themain reasons of this were the bids of the bidders above the estimated price by theAdministration of the Institute and the disqualification for irregularities in the qualificationdocuments. Therefore, this study identified greater economy and efficiency in biddings relatedto non-continuous services and when the judgment criterion adopted was the lowest price peritem. However, it was observed high rate of canceled items and little participation of local smallbusinesses.