Desenvolvimento, pobreza e meio ambiente no seridó potiguar: um estudo centrado nas micro-regiões do seridó oriental e ocidental

摘要

This research work intends to carry out a study focused on the dynamic betweendevelopment, poverty reduction and conservation of natural resources. To consider thisrelationship to the region chosen was the micro-region of Eastern and Western Seridó inthe state of Rio Grande do Norte. In recent years, several studies (Araújo, 2011;BASTOS, 2009) have pointed out that after a period of economic crisis in its tripodproductive,formed by the activities of farming, cotton farming, mining and faced in theeighties, this region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, has not only shown signs ofeconomic recovery but also improve their social indicators. On the other hand, studiesof desertification as the view of the state of RN (produced in cooperation between theGovernment of RN and research institutions) and the Sustainable Development Plan ofSeridó (ADES, 2000), indicate that there is an ongoing French process of degradation ofnatural resources that is capable of compromising the ability of sustaining such asystem. To verify this reality and likely finding this relationship, this work is adoptedfor this study, the analysis of evolution of secondary data from official bodies such asthe IBGE on HDI, per capita income and other social indicators between 2000 and2009. Here is another time of the survey analysis of qualitative data collected frominterviews with institutions of academic intervention in nature, researchers at theFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) State agencies that address theissue of the Middle Environment in Seridó: Institute for Sustainable Development of theNB (IDEMA) and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and the Amazon (IBAMA)and institutions of direct intervention in the region, as the Agency's SustainableDevelopment Seridó (adhesive) and the Joint Semi-Arid (ASA). After crossing datafrom quantitative and qualitative, it was found that the dynamics of the region'seconomic Seridó Potiguar partially answers the improvement of social indicators ofpoverty. Contribution by the State in this shared stock transfer income. Regarding theinfluence of productive restructuring in the region on issues of environment, it is notedthat the ceramic tile industry, responsible for the absorption percentage of thepopulation with limited ingress into the urban economy, given the low education,accounts for the increase of susceptibility to the ongoing process of desertification inNorth Seridó Rio Grande. We conclude finally that the guarantee of increased income,freedom and conservation of natural resources ensures primarily by changing the beliefsand values, especially on the part of the business sector, which use natural resources sopredatory, aimed at maintaining their rates of return on investment. And concomitantly,the synchronization between technological change, through the use of new energysources, and institutional change.