Researches related with the application of functional lipids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been conducted in various fields with a view to health and dietary requirements. Novel rich sources other than known natural sources such as plant seeds and fish oils are required for increasing demands of PUFAs. The filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 produces triacylglycerols rich in arachidonic acid, i.e., ones reaching 20 g/l in concentration and containing 30-70% arachidonic acid as total fatty acids. Various mutants derived from M. alpina 1S-4 have led to the production of oils containing various PUFAs. Molecular breeding of M. alpina strains by means of manipulation of the genes involved in PUFA biosynthesis facilitates improvement of PUFA productivity and elucidation of the functions of their enzymes. This review describes practical PUFA production through mutant breeding, functional analyses of the genes of the enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis, and recent advances in unique PUFA production through molecular breeding.
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机译:考虑到健康和饮食需求,已经在各个领域进行了与功能性脂质例如多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的应用有关的研究。为了增加对PUFA的需求,需要使用除已知自然资源以外的新颖丰富资源,例如植物种子和鱼油。丝状真菌Mortierella alpina 1S-4产生富含酰基花生四烯酸的三酰基甘油,即浓度达到20 g / l且含有30-70%花生四烯酸作为总脂肪酸的甘油三酯。衍生自高山分枝杆菌1S-4的各种突变体导致了含有各种PUFA的油的生产。通过对参与PUFA生物合成的基因进行操纵来对Alpina菌株进行分子育种,有助于提高PUFA的生产力并阐明其酶的功能。这篇综述描述了通过突变育种生产实用的PUFA,对参与PUFA生物合成的酶基因进行功能分析,以及通过分子育种生产独特的PUFA的最新进展。
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