The ecological sustainability of tropical forest management:evaluation of the national forest management standards of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, with emphasis on the need for adaptive management

摘要

From a conceptual point of view, national forest management standards in Latin American countries have progressed significantly in recent years.Examples include the Costa Rican Standards and Procedures for Sustainable Forest Management and Certification, developed by the National Commission for Forest Certification and in Nicaragua, the National Institute of Forestry proposal of principles, criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management.In line with general approaches worldwide, these national standards primarily focus on the fulfillment of sound forest practice.Ther e is...