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NGC 404: a rejuvenated lenticular galaxy on a Merger-induced, blueward excursion into the Green Valley

机译:NGC 404:在合并诱发的向蓝谷的游览中重新焕发活力的双凸透镜星系

摘要

We have discovered recent star formation in the outermost portion ((1-4) × R_25) of the nearby lenticular (S0) galaxy NGC 404 using Galaxy Evolution Explorer UV imaging. FUV-bright sources are strongly concentrated within the galaxy's H I ring (formed by a merger event according to del Río et al.), even though the average gas density is dynamically subcritical. Archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging reveals resolved upper main-sequence stars and conclusively demonstrates that the UV light originates from recent star formation activity. We present FUV, NUV radial surface brightness profiles, and integrated magnitudes for NGC 404. Within the ring, the average star formation rate (SFR) surface density (Σ_SFR) is ~2.2 × 10^–5 M_☉ yr^–1 kpc–2. Of the total FUV flux, 70% comes from the H I ring which is forming stars at a rate of 2.5 × 10^–3 M_☉ yr^–1. The gas consumption timescale, assuming a constant SFR and no gas recycling, is several times the age of the universe. In the context of the UV-optical galaxy color-magnitude diagram, the presence of the star-forming H I ring places NGC 404 in the green valley separating the red and blue sequences. The rejuvenated lenticular galaxy has experienced a merger-induced, disk-building excursion away from the red sequence toward bluer colors, where it may evolve quiescently or (if appropriately triggered) experience a burst capable of placing it on the blue/star-forming sequence for up to ~1 Gyr. The green valley galaxy population is heterogeneous, with most systems transitioning from blue to red but others evolving in the opposite sense due to acquisition of fresh gas through various channels.
机译:我们已经使用银河演化探测器UV成像发现了附近的双凸(S0)星系NGC 404最外层((1-4)×R_25)的恒星形成。即使平均气体密度是动态亚临界的,FUV明亮的源也高度集中在银河系的H I环(由delRío等人认为是由合并事件形成)中。哈勃太空望远镜的档案影像揭示了分辨的上部主要序列恒星,并最终证明了紫外线是由最近的恒星形成活动引起的。我们展示了NGC 404的FUV,NUV径向表面亮度分布图和积分幅度。在环内,平均恒星形成率(SFR)表面密度(Σ_SFR)为〜2.2×10 ^ –5M_☉yr ^ –1 kpc– 2。在总的FUV通量中,有70%来自于H I环,它以2.5×10 ^ -3 M_ M yr ^ -1的速率形成恒星。假设SFR恒定且没有气体再循环,则气体消耗时间尺度是宇宙寿命的几倍。在紫外光学星系颜色大小关系图中,恒星形成的H I环的存在将NGC 404置于分隔红色和蓝色序列的绿色山谷中。再生的双凸透镜状星系经历了合并诱发的磁盘构建偏移,从红色序列向蓝色迁移,它可能会静态演化或(如果适当触发的话)经历一次爆发,​​能够将其置于蓝色/恒星形成序列中最多〜1 Gyr。绿谷星系种群是异类的,大多数系统从蓝色过渡到红色,但是其他系统则由于通过各种渠道获取新鲜气体而以相反的方向进化。

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