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How do the magnetic field strengths and intensities of sunspots vary over the solar cycle?

机译:太阳黑子的磁场强度和强度在整个太阳周期中如何变化?

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摘要

Many efforts have been made to determine if sunspot umbrae continuum intensities and magnetic field strengths are different at sunspot maximum than at sunspot minimum. The results are inconsistent, probably due to differences in sample size and analysis methodology. However, five out of six studies reviewed in this paper agree that sunspots are darker and stronger at sunspot maximum than later in the same cycle, i.e. sunspots brighten during the declining phase of the sunspot cycle. The trend during the rising phase is not agreed upon. Better statistics during the rising phase is crucial to determine if umbrae exhibit a cyclical or linear brightness trend over the cycle. We further this work by analyzing the intensities of 179 sunspots observed with the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) for the rising phase of Sunspot Cycle 24. We find no significant trend in the brightness of sunspot umbrae in HMI data during Carrington Rotations 2097-2129 in either hemisphere. Future studies should place limits on sunspots included in the data sample, i.e. use only the leading sunspot in a bipolar active region after most of the flux has emerged but prior to sunspot decay, hopefully separating the effects of surface conditions from those of the interior where the magnetic flux is generated.
机译:已经做出了许多努力来确定黑子最大区与黑子最小区之间的黑子本影连续谱强度和磁场强度是否不同。结果不一致,可能是由于样本量和分析方法的差异所致。但是,本文审查的六项研究中有五项同意黑子在最大黑子处比同一周期的晚点更黑且更强,即黑子在黑子周期的下降阶段变亮。上升阶段的趋势尚未达成共识。在上升阶段,更好的统计数据对于确定本影在整个周期内是否呈现周期性或线性亮度趋势至关重要。我们通过分析使用太阳地震磁成像仪(HMI)在太阳黑子周期24的上升阶段观察到的179个黑子的强度,来进一步开展这项工作。在2097-2129年卡林顿旋转期间,HMI数据中太阳黑子的亮度没有显着趋势。无论是半球。未来的研究应限制数据样本中包括的黑子,即在大多数通量出现后但黑子衰变之前,仅在双极有源区中使用领先的黑子,希望将表面条件的影响与内部环境的影响分开。产生了磁通量。

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