As modern vehicle and communication technologiesudadvanced apace, people begin to believe that IntelligentudTransportation System (ITS) would be achievable in one decade.udITS introduces information technology to the transportationudinfrastructures and aims to improve road safety and trafficudefficiency. However, security is still a main concern in VehicularudCommunication Systems (VCS). This can be addressed throughudsecured group broadcast. Therefore, secure key managementudschemes are considered as a critical technique for networkudsecurity. In this paper, we propose a framework for providingudsecure key management within the heterogeneous network. Theudsecurity managers (SMs) play a key role in the framework byudcapturing the vehicle departure information, encapsulating blockudto transport keys and then executing rekeying to vehicles withinudthe same security domain. The first part of this framework isuda novel network topology based on a decentralised blockchainudstructure. The blockchain concept is proposed to simplify theuddistributed key management in heterogeneous VCS domains.udThe second part of the framework uses the dynamic transactionudcollection period to further reduce the key transfer time duringudvehicles handover. Extensive simulations and analysis show theudeffectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework, in whichudthe blockchain structure performs better in term of key transferudtime than the structure with a central manager, while the dynamicudscheme allows SMs to flexibly fit various traffic levels.
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