PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS, KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN ATTITUDE TOWARD SCIENCE SISWA SD MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT DENGAN PENDEKATAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING

摘要

Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan di salah satu Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Kabupaten Bogor, keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan proses sains siswa masih rendah. Siswa menganggap sains sebagai mata pelajaran membosankan dan rumit yang hanya menampilkan sekumpulan teori, fakta, dan rumus sebagai hafalan. Penelitian ini dilalukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis, keterampilan proses sains, dan attitude toward science pada siswa SD melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dengan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan control group pretest-postest design. Proses pembelajaran terjadi di kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran kooperatif melalui penugasan dan di kelas eksperimen menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing. Pembelajaran berlangsung selama empat kali pertemuan, baik di kelas eksperimen maupun di kelas kontrol. Setiap pembelajaran diiringi proses observasi mengenai keterlaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan proses sains siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dengan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan penugasan. Adapun sikap siswa terhadap sains menunjukkan peningkatan kearah lebih baik. Awalnya ada beberapa siswa yang menganggap sains itu membosankan. Setelah penerapan pembelajaran ----------- Based on the results of preliminary studies in one of Elementary School in Bogor, critical thinking skills and science process skills of students is still low. Students assume the subjects of science as boring and complicated that only show a set of theories, facts and rote formula. This study is passed to determine the increase critical thinking skills, science process skills, and attitude toward science in elementary students through cooperative learning model NHT approach guided inquiry. The method used is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The process of learning happens in the classroom control with cooperative learning through the assignment and in the experimental class implementing cooperative learning model combined with guided inquiry approach. Learning takes place during four meetings, both in the experimental group and in the control class. Each lesson is accompanied observations about the process of learning activities. The results showed that an increase in the ability of critical thinking and science process skills of students who get a cooperative learning model NHT with guided inquiry approach is better than the students who get a model of cooperative learning with the assignment. As for the students' attitudes towards science shows an increase towards the better. Initially there were some students who think science is boring. After the implementation of cooperative learning NHT with guided inquiry approach, their attitude changed and assume science is interesting and fun.