Urbanisation, Industrialisation and Sustainabledevelopment

摘要

This paper describes two important transformations of the past century:industrialisation and urbanisation. These transformations will continuein the new century and create policy challenges because the use of land,materials and energy will increasingly meet natural limits or beconstrained by intergenerational equity arguments. New local andinternational institutional arrangements will be needed to meet thesechallenges. Increased public participation and involvement of privatecompanies will be needed in order to balance the different perspectiveson sustainable development. The UN can show leadership because of theglobal character of many environmental problems and the growing need forenvironmental and social minimum requirements in the global liberalisedmarket.