Environmental Risk Limits for several phosphate esters,with possible application as flame retardant

摘要

Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC), Negligible Concentrations (NC)and Serious Risk Concentrations (SRCeco) are derived for a number ofphosphate esters that are possibly used as flame retardant. Theseenvironmental risk limits were derived for the compartments water, soil,and sediment on basis of ecotoxicological data for the aquaticenvironment in particular. The substances that were evaluated in thisstudy were: TCEP (tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate), TCPP(tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate), TDCP(tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate), TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate),TiBP (tri-iso-butyl phosphate), TEP (triethyl phosphate), TBEP(tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate), TEHP (tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate), TPP(triphenyl phosphate), and TCP (tricresyl phosphate). Monitoring datafor the Netherlands (1989, 1999-2004) show that for most phosphate estersthe concentrations in surface water are around the NC values. It appearsthat only concentrations of TPP sometimes exceed the MPCvalue.