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Transcriptome analysis elucidates key developmental components of bryozoan lophophore development

机译:转录组分析阐明了苔藓虫荧光团发育的关键发育成分

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摘要

The most recent phylogenomic study suggested that Bryozoa (Ectoprocta), Brachiopoda, and Phoronida are monophyletic, implying that the lophophore of bryozoans, phoronids and brachiopods is a synapomorphy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the lophophore development of the Lophophorata clade can therefore provide us a new insight into the formation of the diverse morphological traits in metazoans. In the present study, we profiled the transcriptome of the Bryozoan (Ectoproct) Bugula neritina during the swimming larval stage (SW) and the early (4 h) and late (24 h) metamorphic stages using the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. Various genes that function in development, the immune response and neurogenesis showed differential expression levels during metamorphosis. In situ hybridization of 23 genes that participate in the Wnt, BMP, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways revealed their regulatory roles in the development of the lophophore and the ancestrula digestive tract. Our findings support the hypothesis that developmental precursors of the lophophore and the ancestrula digestive tract are pre-patterned by the differential expression of key developmental genes according to their fate. This study provides a foundation to better understand the developmental divergence and/or convergence among developmental precursors of the lophophore of bryozoans, branchiopods and phoronids.
机译:最新的系统生物学研究表明,Bryozoa(Ectoprocta),Brachiopoda和Phoronida是单系的,这暗示着苔藓虫,拟蝇类和腕足类动物的萤光体。因此,了解Lophophorata进化枝的荧光团发育的分子机制可以为我们提供对后生动物各种形态特征形成的新见解。在本研究中,我们使用Illumina HiSeq2000平台分析了游泳幼虫期(SW)以及变态早期(4 h)和后期(24 h)的苔藓虫(Ectoproct)Bugula neritina的转录组。在发育,免疫反应和神经发生中起作用的各种基因在变态期间显示出不同的表达水平。参与Wnt,BMP,Notch和Hedgehog信号通路的23个基因的原位杂交揭示了它们在荧光团和祖先消化道发育中的调控作用。我们的发现支持这样的假说,即荧光团和祖先消化道的发育前体是由关键发育基因根据其命运的差异表达而预先设定的。这项研究提供了一个基础,可以更好地了解苔藓虫,支足类动物和类蛇体的荧光团的发育前体之间的发育差异和/或收敛。

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