Renforcement des structures historiques en maçonnerie par matériaux composites : application aux murs en pierres calcaires

摘要

This work concerns the study of the reinforcement of stone structures with composite materials. Two reinforcing techniques are used. One is reinforcement by cement matrix reinforced with textile TRC of glass fiber. The other is by reinforcing FRP fiberglass rods according to NSM technique (near-surface mounted). The first phase consists of materials characterization and analysis of mechanical behavior in compression shear and tensile of small masonry specimens made of stone and mortar. The characteristic values of the mechanical behavior of the masonry are compared with the different models in the literature which calculate the characteristic parameters and give a good approximation with the experimental results. In addition, the behavior of reinforced materials is tested in tension and the behavior of the adhesion between the reinforcement and the masonry is studied. The second phase focuses on strengthening masonry walls subjected to two types of loading. One is in-plane shear of walls made with the diagonal compression test. Represents the second bending loads to 3 points out of plane walls accompanied by axial compression forces which cause a compressive stress of 0.2 MPa. The shear test was performed on square walls of five rows of stones with mortar. Strengthening by two vertical bars NSM FRP significantly improves the ductility and shear modulus of the walls and the reinforcement with two orthogonal layers TRC improves shear strength. Finally the application of analytical models used to compare the experimental results with the results given by the models. In addition, the bending test with 3-point is carried out on walls composed of twelve rows of stones with mortar. The reinforcement with two vertical bars and two crossbars increased more elastic stiffness. However, the reinforcement with TRC composed of a single layer of textile accompanied with a vertical bar FRP does not increase the resistance of the wall relative to the resistance of the reinforced wall with a single layer of textile or with a simple vertical bar