Mouvements de fluides et processus de déstabilisation des versants alpins : Apport de l'étude de l'instabilité de Séchilienne

摘要

Pore water pressure build-up by recharge of underground hydrosystems is one of the main triggering factors ofdeep-seated landslides. Consequently, the characterization of landslide deformation mechanisms requires athorough knowledge of the hydrogeological processes triggering the destabilization. Anisotropic andheterogeneous media combined with landslide deformation render classical hydrogeological investigationsunsuitable. Hydro-mechanical processes which lead to slope failure of deep-seated landslides are complex andare influenced by the evolution of the landslide deformation through time. This thesis aims at improving theunderstanding of the relationships between precipitation and displacement velocity based on the study of theSéchilienne deep-seated landslide. A time-related monitoring of natural and artificial tracers allows to define aconceptual groundwater flow model despite a limited number of hydrogeological points of interest. Fluid porepressures are rarely measured on landslide sites and, instead the groundwater recharge is generally used as themost relevant parameter. A parsimonious, yet robust, guideline workflow to calculate time series of groundwaterrecharge is developed. Based on the conceptual groundwater flow model and the recharge calculation, a waveletanalysis coupled to a numerical model integrating time-dependent parameters allows to characterize therelationship between precipitation and displacement velocity and to simulate the creep deformation resulting ofindirect hydro-mechanical coupling (multi-year trend of displacement velocities). The characterization of thehydrogeological processes controlling the destabilization allowed to define a statistical rainfall threshold basedon an innovative multi-dimensional approach.