Etude comparative de l’effet des microalgues marines et des huiles d’argan et de poisson sur le métabolisme lipidique et la fonction plaquettaire chez le rat et chez des patients dyslipidémiques : recherche de l'effet antiagrégant et exploration du mécanisme d'action dans le but de prévenir les maladies cardiovasculaires

摘要

Some risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperaggregability of blood platelets and oxidative stress promotes the progression of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of LC-PUFA from different sources (marine microalgae, argan oil and fish oil) on installing the metabolic syndrome in rats fed high fat diet. The effects of argan oil on platelet function and lipid profiles were also tested in dyslipidemic patients. A preliminary study was conducted to find the minimum dose of microalgae (Odontella aurita) to be incorporated in the diet for a positive effect on the different parameters measured. We then studied the effect of lyophilized O. aurita on cardiovascular risk factors induced by a high fat diet in rats. The results showed that the addition of O. aurita induces a reduction in blood glucose and plasma lipid levels and a reduction in platelet aggregation. We then compare the effects of microalgae with fish oil. For this, a nutritional study was conducted in rats subjected to a high fat diet (HF) supplemented or not with the freeze-dried O. aurita (HFOA) or fish oil (HFFO). Supplementation lyophilized O. aurita and fish oil decreases platelet aggregation and oxidative stress.We subsequently compared the effects of fish oil rich in omega-3, and argan oil which is rich in omega-6 and omega-9. Our results show that 2 sources of LC-PUFA decrease platelet aggregation and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, but their mechanism of action appears to be different.We have also conducted a clinical study in Morocco to investigate the antiplatelet and lipid lowering effect of argan oil in patients with dyslipidemia. The results show a significant improvement in atherogenic lipids in patients consuming argan oil for 3 weeks. This improvement consists in a very significant reduction in total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol, with a decreased platelet aggregation and oxidative stress in patients consuming argan oil.