Méthode des éléments naturels appliquée aux problèmes électromagnétiques : développement d’un outil de modélisation et de conception des dispositifs électriques

摘要

In order to overcome the limitations related to the finite element method’s (FEM) narrow dependency of the solution on the mesh, meshless or meshfree methods were developed over the last 20 years. These techniques present the advantage of yielding very smooth approximations, being able to respond more adequately to the increasing demands of applications. However, some intrinsic features of most of these approaches make the implementation difficult, often requiring additional specific techniques for the imposition of the boundary conditions and the treatment of physical discontinuities. Recently, the natural element method (NEM) was developed. This approach, based on the Voronoi diagram and the “natural neighbors” concepts, combines the advantages of very smooth approximations and a FEM-like implementation. This thesis focuses on the study and development of the NEM, dedicated to electrical engineering applications. The main purpose of this exploratory work is the study of the limitations, benefits and the potential of the NEM and its underlying concepts. Several analyses of NEM’s performance are presented. As far as the numerical integration, higher order approximations and the vector interpolation are concerned, original developments are proposed.