Pour une épistémologie des savoirs situés : de l'épistémologie génétique de Jean Piaget aux savoirs critiques

摘要

Jean Piaget sought to produce a genetic epistemology, that is a psychology that allowed for a qrasp of subjects' cognitive structures at different stages of their devetopment. As such his work provides a new understanding of structuralism, one grounded not in language but in action. Focused on the emergence of cognitive structures in children, his researcn shows how these structures are organized by the retationship the child entertains with the epistemic community in which he or she grows This implies that the rutes and standards that regulate this community are inseparable from processes though which knowledqe comes into beilng.This thesis proposes an analvsis of Piaqet's experiments, their protocols and accounts, that proceeds from the assumption that as a social practice scientific research is not immune to the relationships that organize social space. Cognitive antnropology, the ethnography of learning and theories of distributed cognition provided rnodels for understanding the socio-cognitive dynamics that can account for the epistemic context of genetic epistemolgy. ln this light, situated knowledges denvlnq from feminist and decolonial epistemotogies appear as paroxysmal versions of Piaget's model. Indeed, this research shows that genetic epistemology contains an implicit reflection on the social distribution of. and differential access to knowledge which nurtured critical epistemologies. It argues that the co-creation of epistemic structures and communities far frorn beinq a limit to the constitution of human knowledge may be seen as simply circumscribing the context of its emergence as a psychological experience