This Ph. D thesis focuses on the development of new characterization techniques of dielectric and metallic materials in the ISM band (2.45 GHz). The first proposed method is based on non-destructive near field microave microscopy. This technique allows the determination of the electromagnetic properties (permittivity, loss tangent) of solid dielectric samples of small volume without prior treatment. The knowledge of these parameters is essential to provide critical information needed for accurately designing, modeling and manufacturing microwave circuits. A second study focuses on the development of a new, ceramic based, sensitive and economic sensor that can be integrated in a wireless system for the detection and characterization of the corrosion evolution. These new sensors provide information about the state of the operational equipment of the target structure in order to ensure the safety of these structures and therefore that of their users. In these two studies, simulations on electromagnetic calculation software have been performed and validated by experimental measurements.
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