Impact des variations du climat et du niveau marin sur les canyons sous-marins du Golfe du Lion (France) et de la marge de l'Ebre (Catalogne) au cours du Plio-Quaternaire

摘要

Climate and sea-level changes with various magnitudes control continental erosion, sediment transport and its delivery to the deep basin. Submarine canyons, that are erosional features at a first glance, are conduits for sediment transport from the continental shelf to the deep sea. Little studies focused on the relationship between canyon infill, sediment delivery and sea-level variations. The chronology of canyon development and evolution through geological time remains speculative. This thesis is dedicated to the understanding of the genesis of submarine canyons in the western Mediterranean Sea during the Plio-Quaternary. This period occurred after the major erosion of Mediterranean continental margins during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Canyons were initiated by retrogressive erosion during the Pliocene. They further developed in relation with the amplification of sea-level changes during the Quaternary (up to 150 m). The results are based on a large range of 2D and 3D seismic data resolution and chrono-stratigraphic constraints. The stratigraphic signature of Milankovitch (mainly 100 and 40 ka) is revealed within canyon heads. Rapid climate and sea-level changes (Bond Cycles) have also a distinct signature by controlling the type and amount of sediment delivered in canyon heads, and the connection/disconnection with fluvial systems.