Heterogeneous epoxy-amine networks from the dispersion of cross-linked polymer microparticles

摘要

Throughout this work, the influence of the addition of cross-linked polymer microparticles (CPMs) in epoxy-amine formulations on the kinetics, morphology and thermo-mechanical properties of the final networks have been investigated. First, an easy, robust and well-controlled protocol was developed to obtain a large range of CPM size, Tg and amine functionality. This protocol based on reaction induced phase separation via precipitation polymerization was also applied to different chemistries and water soluble epoxy pre-polymers showing the large possibilities of this method. The capacity of obtaining a good compatibility between the CPMs and the matrix was ensure by synthesizing the CPMs in excess of amino groups. The study of the remaining reactive amino groups on the CPMS was of great interest and therefore deeply investigated. The titration of the surface amine was performed by developing a new protocol that enabled the quantification of primary and secondary amines on CPMs. It was then highlighted that even though these cross-linked microparticles were not porous, amino groups are available into the core and can react with other molecules that are able to diffuse into the CPM core. It was shown that when CPMs were dispersed into epoxy-amine blends, the diffusion of monomers into the CPM core occurred but differently depending on the dispersion process. Indeed, using tetrahydrofuran as solvent to help for the dispersion increased the diffusion of DGEBA into the CPM core and changed the thermo-mechanical properties of the final network by modifying the stoichiometric ratio of the matrix. Same phenomenon was observed but less amplified when CPMs were mechanically dispersed in DGEBA. Regarding the dispersion of CPMs in the amine cross-linker, IPD, its complete absorption could be observed into the CPMs, leading then to the desorption of IPD to create the network. Thus, a very complex behavior of CPMs was highlighted in presence of monomers or/and solvent: swelling and diffusion phenomena that are dependent on a number of parameters such as temperature, CPM cross-link density, solubility parameters, etc. The intensity of those phenomena leads to a variety of behaviors when CPMs are added into an epoxy-amine formulation: (a) slight decrease of gel times and increase of conversion, (b) modification of glass transition temperature of the matrix.