Une histoire de la chimie atmosphérique globale : Enjeux disciplinaires et d'expertise de la Couche d'ozone et du Changement climatique

摘要

Until now, the history of environmental sciences has not extensively documented the input of atmospheric chemists, who formalize the chemical reactions that take place in the atmosphere. This PhD dissertation focuses on chemistry of the global atmosphere. Atmospheric chemistry has been in the heart of the expertise on the anthropogenic destruction of the ozone layer from 1970 on. Since the end of the 1980s, atmospheric chemists have also taken part in the writing of the IPCC reports. They have also contributed to the more holistic works on the “Earth system”. Combining different approaches for studying sciences and techniques, this PhD dissertation writes a "social" history of the academic field on chemistry of the global atmosphere since the 1920s. Our narrative is mainly focused on the evolution of the scientific practices of chemistry of the global atmosphere, on social and disciplinary changes, and on the new types of expertise that have emerged within the field. The author mainly concentrates on three "moments": the first two decades of the Coldwar; the “environmental(ist) turn” of atmospheric sciences in the 1970s and 80s; the climate change governance.