La céramique architecturale en Iran sous les Turkmènes Qarâ Qoyunlu et Âq Qoyunlu (c. 1450-1500)

摘要

Qarâ Qoyunlu (782-873 h./1380-1468) and Âq Qoyunlu (782-873 h./1380-1468) Turkman’s art has long been disregarded in the art history of the Iranian world. This research brings the nature of Turkman art into question, through the example of tiling art. Based on a group of fifty ornamental ceramic groups, this study attempts to trace the history of Turkman decorative features, their designs, their techniques, and to understand their artistic connections.This research first proposes to explore every known qarâ qoyunlu and âq qoyunlu monument, shared out among regional groups so that the strength of the regional traditions could be underlined around such artistic centers as Tabriz, E½fahân, Yazd, or Kâshân. This part is followed by a technical and ornamental study of Turkman tiles. The last component of that research is the organization of the production. It aims to give statements about artistic confluences in Iran, and then to present actors of tiling production : the patrons and craftsmen.This study intends to bring a new eye on some groups of Islamic tiles. The Turkman transition makes an important step in history of art: a meeting point between Timurid, Mamluk and Ottoman’s borderline territories, and a bridge to Modern Empires of the next century.