This Ph.D. thesis deals with the characterization and modeling of heat transfers in the exhaust line of a turbocharged Diesel engine when working in steadystate and transient conditions. To deal with this issue, a methodology is developed based on specific experimental testing and the use ofsystem simulation. Concerning transient operation, a temperature reconstruction method is tested. For using this method, thermocouples of different diameter are put in two experimental test benches : a pulse generator and an engine test bench. The dynamic error can be characterized by the pulse generator. Experimental testing is done on the engine test bench to characterize the heat exchange in the exhaust line, especially in the turbine and in the aftertreatment systems. To characterize the influence of the latter, two exhaust lines are studied. The turbocharger and the exhaust lines are modeled with a 0D approach taking into account the heat transfers and validated with the experimental data. The turbocharger modeling is compared to a reference approach in order to estimate the contribution of the proposed approach in terms of representativeness of the heat transfers
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