La communauté mouride du Sénégal et de la diaspora : pour une approche communicationnele de la tradiation et de l'écriture en contexte de transformation médiatique

摘要

The Mouride community of Senegal and the diaspora is a socioreligious group that arose in rural areas, and that possesses a traditional culture based on religious practice. The brotherhood become community, from its earliest days, showed a capacity for adaptation in contexts hostile to its progress, but also manifested a significant openness, while maintaining its essential principles. All of which conferred on the Mourides a particular character within the context of the Muslim brotherhoods of Senegal and of Africa generally. This particularity resides in Mouridism’s simultaneous fidelity to its own Islamic principles and to a perpetual openness to other cultures and other spaces. The evolution of the community led to its occupation of new urban spaces and, as a corollary, to the adoption of digital media in the service of certain traditional practices. The research proposed here seeks to develop an understanding of the traditional and mediatic practices of the Mourides and the metamorphoses effected within the brotherhood. Initially, we interrogate the different mechanisms of the Mouride tradition and subsequent changes; then, the circulation of texts, i.e. the evolution of the technical supports of Mouride writing and literature across different spaces; and finally, the resulting transformations by media of the means of participation and communication within the community. This study of Mouridism allows us to delineate and understand the mechanisms of religious, traditional, cultural, et media practices across varied spaces and contexts. The study of this socioreligious group brings to light a number of significant points related to the emergence of a strong community, i.e. the long term construction of very specific social ties. These result in the development, transmission, and adoption of shared conceptions of knowledge and belief as well as the adoption of ritual systems and protocols of communication based on shared and assured social conventions. Networked communications have lead to mediatic transformations that reveal a reappropriation by Mourides through a variety of digital media systems. These symbolize the community’s reorientation toward new media practices that assure more rapid access to content. These media transformations have made possible new modes of participation and have suggested the possibility of new relationships between the disciple and his community