Effets chromatiques et méthodes d'approche de la couleur dans la démarche de projet architectural et urbain

摘要

The thesis starts with the observation of a phenomenon of an unfamiliar and insistent architectural polychromy in the new quarters in mutation. After the contextualization of the coloured phenomenon (new materials, thermal insulation standards, new architectural approach based on ornament, context of the economic crisis, development of communication architecture), we highlight the interest of a better knowledge of the effects of colour on our perception of space, and the absence of adapted methods to consider colour in the architectural and urban project. The analysis of the “colour planning” strategies shows the need to establish chromatic indications upstream of the projects. The experience of the colorists demonstrates the importance of considering the multiple colour variations under effects of light, climate and movement. To respond to these issues, we propose to approach the question of the urban colour through the concept of the “sensory effect” (for example the visual “advance” of colours toward the observer, the visual “call”, the black hole). We propose a repertoire of the chromatic effects (in draft stage) that we test on a survey in the French city of Nantes. About twenty effects are divided in several categories and defined: effects on optical field, effects from climate and light, psychomotor effects, effects on space and form, and semantic effects. Graphic representations using digital imaging tools are proposed to express and communicate these effects in the context of urban and architectural project.