This thesis proposes firstly an original method, called 2 in 1 method, for controlled, layer-by-layer, polyelectrolytes film buildup, based on the deposition of a sole polycation-polyanion complex. Detailed on the case of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS), the method was then extended with the same success to other complexes (branched poly(ethyleneimine)-poly(4 styrenesulfonate), poly(diallyldimethylammonium)-poly(4 styrenesulfonate) and poly(allylamonium)-poly(4 styrenesulfonate)).The 2 in 1 PEDOT PSS films are robust regarding thermal annealing and have an electronic conductivity independent of their thickness. This conductivity can be improved by using a composite containing gold nanoparticles Au Np PEDOT PSS. Superstructures alternating PEDOT PSS and composite depositions were also obtained.Film buildup is controlled not only on rigid substrates (glass, silicon wafer) but also on elastomeric substrates of the silicon type (polydimethylsiloxane PDMS). The treatment of PDMS by vacuum plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of EDOT allows subsequent deposition of 2 in 1 PEDOT-PSS films. Besides, gold sputter deposition on PDMS reaches stretchable conductors. Gold sputtered PDMS can further act as a substrate for 2 in 1 PEDOT-PSS films.Finally, new aqueous complexes, chemically synthesized from EDOT and a polysaccharide (chondroitin sulfate A), lead to films which exhibit a very good conduction, which can be improved by the inclusion of gold nanoparticles. These new complexes are very promising in the field of conductive biomaterials.
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