Moisson, battage, vannage, stockage des céréales aux périodes protohistorique et antique dans le monde égéen : Histoire des techniques

摘要

The research deals with harvest, threshing, winnowing and storage of cereal techniques in the Aegean world of the Neolithic after the domestication of cereal, then covers the Bronze Age and the Antiquity until the Hellenistic period.The geographical area includes current continental Greece, Aegean Islands and Crete. Techniques and movements of the various stages of the cereal processing chain were studied (harvest, threshing, winnowing) and the modes of storage and preservation of cereals in short and long term (silos, granaries, jars in basketwork, plaiting, ceramic, structures in raw earth). The used sources are of archaeological, ethnographical, textual and iconographic type. Missions to Delos and in Attica allowed us to understand the link between the classic farm and the threshing floor. Experiments validated the techniques of harvest, threshing and winnowing of the antique farming : harvesting by hand rather than with a sickle, lithic sickle better than bronze sickle, using the wind for winnowing. During the Recent Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, cereals were stored in pits, subterranean silos and storerooms (in mud jars); during Recent Bronze Age in farms, villas and palace magazines. During the classic period Athens imported by ship the main part of its grain from Northern Black Sea, Anatolia and Egypt.