Biosorption de l'arsenic et du césium par des écorces forestières activées : Etude de l'optimisation des propriétés de biosorption par modification chimique

摘要

This work follows several studies conducted in the “Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles” about bioremediation of trace elements, and aims to use Douglas fir bark to remove arsenic and cesium from water. Tests carried out in batch allowed the establishment of adsorption isotherms. Their interpretation following Langmuir adsorption model showed that crude Douglas fir bark has good intrinsic properties for biosorption of studied elements. In order to improve these properties for cesium sorption, bark was oxidised to form carboxylic acid functional groups and/or impregnated with nickel hexacyanoferrate. So as to increase As(V) biosorption, ammonium functional groups were incorporated in the bark structure by grafting of betaine and methylated polyethyleneimine. In parallel, thiol functional groups were introduced through the fixation of lipoic acid and N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone, in order to enhance As(III) sorption. Chemical modifications carried out for cesium and As(III) biosorption led to keep the bark affinity for these elements while increasing significantly their adsorption capacity. Finally, the biosorption properties of cesium onto Biosorb, a bark-based biosorbant developed and marketed by Pe@rl society, were confirmed, including in fixed-bed column. Data collected during these experiments are consistent with those from OPTIPUR simulation software, making possible the process industrialisation.