Une approche systémique unifiée pour l’optimisation durable des systèmes socio-environnementaux : Ingénierie des systèmes de décision en univers incertain

摘要

Nowadays, the sustainability of human activities is a major worldwide concern. The challenge is to evaluate such activities not only in terms of efficiency and productivity, but also in terms of their economic, social, environmental, etc. durability. For this, the experts of these areas need to work collaboratively. In this context, human societies are facing several major challenges such as: (1) process a large amount of information whose volume increases exponentially (“big data”), (2) live in a both dynamic and imperfect real world, (3) predict and assess future states of its activities.The researches we have conducted in this thesis contribute in particular to the domain of decision systems engineering under uncertainty. We have chosen the field of general socio-environmental systems as subject of study, particularly the multidisciplinary field of agriculture. We propose a systemic approach for the sustainable optimization of socio-environmental systems: (1) the meta-modeling of socio-environmental systems, (2) the generic representation of data imperfection flowing in such systems, associated to a decision model in uncertain environment and finally (3) the simulation and the assessment of such systems in dynamic environment for the purpose of decision making by experts which we have illustrated by both a service-oriented architecture model and case studies applied to the agriculture domain.