Évaluation des processus hydro-sédimentaires d’une retenue de forme allongée : application à la retenue de Génissiat sur le Haut-Rhône

摘要

This PhD thesis aimed to characterize the main processes responsible for the morphological evolution of an elongated reservoir, characterized by predominant longitudinal dimensions. It was based on the case study of the Genissiat reservoir, located in a series of hydropower plants on the French Upper Rhone River and regularly subjected to flushing operations. A fluvial geomorphological analysis based on morphological evolutions and hydraulic conditions was performed. A longitudinal delineation of the reservoir allowed to highlight the spatial dynamics of the reservoir. Sediment fluxes in the reservoir and their uncertainties were quantified and qualified and evidenced the contribution of transport processes associated to sand and fine sediments. Two one-dimensional numerical models were developed to simulate the main processes for fine sediment and coarse sediment transport, respectively. Numerical results showed that these models were able to reproduce morphological evolutions and sediment fluxes, with differences between simulated and measured values lower than the measurement uncertainties. It appeared that the upstream part of the reservoir is dominated by sand transport while the downstream part of the reservoir is dominant by silt and clay sediment transport. Finally, the models were used to simulate predictive scenarios and to evaluate the impact of the operating rules on sediment dynamics. Some enhancements to current operating rules were proposed to limit reservoir sedimentation and downstream ecological impacts related to flushing events and long-term management