Persian vowels formants; an investigation and comparison between Persian children 7-9 years old and Persian adults 18-22 years old

摘要

Introduction: Formant structure is one of the most important acoustical characteristics of sound. theudrelationship between first three formants is the main component of perceptual categorization by theudlistener. The quality and the kind of one vowel is related to its formant .udMaterial and methods: The goal of this descriptive-analytical study was to assign and compareudformant structure of Persian vowels between 50 Persian children 7-9 years old from two separateudschools in Tehran (25 boys and 25 girls) and 50 adults aged between 18 and 22 from persian studentsudand employees at the rehabilitation sciences faculty of Iran (25 men and 25 women). Six persianudvowels (/i/,/e/,/æ/,/a/,/o/,/u/) were produced using simple sample. The first three formant of persianudlanguage vowels were obtained and compared between two groups of male adults and school boys andudalso female adults and school girls.udResults: Fundamental frequency, first three formants of each vowel (F1, F2, F3), band frequencyudof each formant, and the intensity of each formant in each vowel were obtained and recorded byudspeech studio software and laryngograph deviceudConclusion: In all groups, /æ /vowel was the lowest height vowel and /i/ vowel is the highest highudone. In addition, /i/ vowel was the high front vowel and /u/ vowel was the high back vowel one in alludgroups. The results of comparison of formant structure of Persian language vowels in two groups ofudmale adults and school boys, and female adults and school girls suggested that all quantities ofudformant frequency of the Persian vowels in adults is lower than children, by what it says that male andudfemale adults had lower formant frequencies in compare with boys and girls. These findings wereudsimilar to pervious same studies. The differences observed between children and adults are due touddifferent vocal tract length and different size of resonator cavities.