Performance of finishing pigs in hoop structures or confinement during winter and summer was evaluated in Iowa. Hoops are large, tent-like shelters with cornstalks or straw for bedding. During summer and winter seasons for 3 yr (1998 to 2001), six trials were conducted using three hoop barns (designed for 150 pigs per pen, one pen per hoop) or a mechanically ventilated confinement barn with slatted floors (designed for 22 pigs per pen, six pens in the barn). A total of 3,518 pigs started the trials. Summer trials were June through October, and winter trials were December through April. Target stocking density was 1.11 m2/pig in hoops and 0.74 m2/pig in confinement. Identical corn-based diets were fed ad libitum from 16 to 118 kg for 127 d. Pigs were scanned before harvest for backfat and loin muscle area. When seasons were merged (season × housing interaction, P ≥ 0.05), hoop-fed pigs had more backfat (21.8 ± 0.3 vs 20.8 ± 0.2 mm; P u3c 0.001), smaller loin muscle area (41.3 ± 0.3 vs 43.0 ± 0.2 cm2; P u3c 0.001), less lean percentage (51.1 ± 0.2 vs 52.1 ± 0.1%;P u3c 0.001), and less yield (74.9 vs 75.8 ± 0.1%; P u3c 0.001) than confinement-fed pigs. When season × housing type interactions were observed (P u3c 0.004), summer hoop-fed pigs had greater ADG (834 ± 5 vs 802 ± 3 g/d; P u3c 0.001), required fewer days to 113 kg (174.9 ± 0.9 vs 178.5 ± 0.6 d; P u3c 0.01), had similar ADFI (2.40 ± 0.03 vs 2.35 ± 0.02 kg/d, as-fed basis) and gain:feed (G:F; 348 ± 4 vs 342 ± 3 g/kg) compared with confinement-fed pigs. Lean gain/day and efficiency of lean gain did not differ between housing systems. During winter, hoop-fed pigs had similar ADG (794 ± 5 vs 801 ± 3 g/d), required more days to 113 kg (176.7 ± 0.9 vs 172.9 ± 0.6 d; P u3c 0.01), had greater ADFI (2.54 ± 0.03 vs 2.35 ± 0.02; P u3c 0.001), less G:F (313 ± 4 vs 341 ± 3; P u3c 0.001), less lean gain/day (312 ± 2 vs 322 ± 1 g/d; P u3c 0.01), and less efficiency of lean gain (130 ± 2 vs 144 ± 1 g lean gain/kg feed; P u3c 0.01) than confinement-fed pigs. Percentage of mortalities and culls did not differ between housing systems. During summer, there was a trend for fewer light pigs at marketing (u3c 100 kg) from hoops (0.8 vs 1.7%; P = 0.10). During winter, there were more light pigs at marketing from hoops (3.9 vs 1.3%; P = 0.01) than from confinement. Bedding use in hoops was 92 and 122 kg/pig for summer and winter, respectively. Performance of finishing pigs in bedded hoop structures depends in part on thermal environment.
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机译：在爱荷华州评估了冬季和夏季圈养猪在圈状结构或圈养中的性能。篮筐是大型的帐篷式避难所，上面有玉米杆或稻草作为被褥。在为期3年（1998年至2001年）的夏季和冬季，使用三个带环棚的猪舍（设计为每只猪150头，每带环一猪舍）或带板条地板的机械通风封闭式谷仓（每个为22头猪）进行了六项试验。笔，在谷仓里放六支笔）。共有3,518头猪开始了试验。夏季试验为6月至10月，冬季试验为12月至4月。目标饲养密度为每圈猪1.11平方米/头，封闭月猪0.74平方米/头。相同的基于玉米的饮食从16到118 kg随意喂养127天。在收获前对猪进行了扫描，以检查其背脂和腰部肌肉区域。当季节合并时（季节×住房相互作用，P≥0.05），圈养猪的背脂肪更多（21.8±0.3 vs 20.8±0.2 mm； P≥0.001），腰部肌肉面积更小（41.3±0.3 vs 43.0±0.2） cm2; P u3c 0.001），瘦肉率（51.1±0.2 vs 52.1±0.1％; P u3c 0.001），产量较低（74.9 vs 75.8±0.1％; P u3c 0.001）。当观察到季节×住房类型的相互作用时（P u3c 0.004），夏季箍饲猪的平均日增重较高（834±5 vs 802±3 g / d； P u3c 0.001），需要的日数减少至113 kg（174.9± 0.9 vs 178.5±0.6 d; P u3c 0.01），ADFI（2.40±0.03 vs 2.35±0.02 kg / d，按日计算）和增重：饲料（G：F; 348±4 vs 342±3 g） / kg）。每天的精益收益和精益收益的效率在住房体系之间没有差异。在冬季，圈养猪的平均日增重相似（794±5 vs 801±3 g / d），需要更多的天数达到113公斤（176.7±0.9 vs 172.9±0.6 d； P≥0.01），ADFI更大（2.54） ±0.03 vs 2.35±0.02; P u3c 0.001），更少的G：F（313±4 vs 341±3; P u3c 0.001），瘦肉/天（312±2 vs 322±1 g / d; P瘦肉效率（130±2 vs 144±1 g瘦肉/ kg饲料； P <0.01），比圈养猪要低。房屋系统之间的死亡率和剔除率没有差异。在夏季，市场上有来自圈养的轻猪（100公斤）的趋势（0.8比1.7％； P = 0.10）。在冬季，销售时来自圈养的轻猪（3.9 vs 1.3％； P = 0.01）多于圈养。夏季和冬季，猪圈的垫料用量分别为92和122公斤/头。层状箍结构中的清管器性能部分取决于热环境。
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