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Field Evaluation of Anhydrous Ammonia Manifold Performance

机译:无水氨歧管性能的现场评估

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摘要

Experiments conducted between August 1999 and April 2002 evaluated anhydrous ammonia manifold distribution during field application at 84- and 168-kg N/ha (75- and 150-lb N/acre) application rates. Multiple manifolds including the conventional (Continental NH3 Model 3497, Dallas, Tex.), Vertical-Dam (Continental NH3 Dallas, Tex.), RotaflowTM(H.I. Fraser Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia), Equa-flowTM(PGI International, Houston, Tex.), FD-1200 prototype (CDS John Blue Co., Huntsville, Ala.), and the Impellicone prototype manifold were tested. Temperature and pressure data were collected along the flow path.Results showed high distribution variation by the conventional manifold at both application rates, with average coefficient of variation (CV) values in excess of 16%. At the 84-kg N/ha (75-lb N/acre) rate, all other manifolds tested had significantly lower application variation (. = 0.05). At the 168-kg N/ha (150-lb N/acre) rate, the conventional manifold grouped statistically with the Vertical-Dam with a corn ring and the FD-1200 prototype, producing CV values between 9.5% and 16.2%. All other manifolds had significantly lower application variation. The Impellicone, Rotaflow., and Equa-flow., manifolds performed with the lowest measured variation at both rates, yielding best performance at the 168-kg N/ha (150-lb N/acre) rate with CV in the 6% range.Analysis of recorded temperature and pressure data indicate that NH3 flowing through the system very closely follows the saturation line and acts as a saturated mixture. Predictions of NH3 quality based on calculations of an ideal adiabatic mixture are supported by this result. Investigation for correlation between CV, air temperature, and percent of volume in the vapor phase of NH3 resulted in only a visual trend that may suggest a reduction in CV with lower percent of volume in the vapor phase.Results suggest that replacement of a conventional manifold with a Vertical-Dam manifold or any of the other manifolds tested could reduce application variation between 7.0% and 16.5% at 84 kg N/ha (75 lb N/acre) and 1.0% and 10.2% at 168 kg N/ha (150 lb N/acre). This change could reduce application rate by eliminating the need for over-application to compensate for variations.
机译:在1999年8月至2002年4月之间进行的实验评估了在野外施肥期间无水氨歧管的分布情况,施用量为84和168 kg N / ha(75和150 lb N /英亩)。多个歧管,包括常规的(Continental NH3 3497型,德克萨斯州达拉斯),Vertical-Dam(Continental NH3 Dallas,德克萨斯州),RotaflowTM(HI Fraser Pty Ltd,澳大利亚悉尼),Equa-flowTM(PGI International,休斯敦,测试了FD-1200原型机(CDS John Blue Co.,阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔)和Impellicone原型歧管。沿流路收集了温度和压力数据。结果表明,传统的歧管在两种施用率下均出现较大的分布变化,平均变异系数(CV)值超过16%。在84千克牛顿/公顷(75磅牛顿/英亩)的速率下,测试的所有其他歧管的应用差异都大大降低(。= 0.05)。以168千克牛顿/公顷(150磅牛顿/英亩)的速度,常规歧管与带有玉米环的立式大坝和FD-1200原型进行统计分组,得出CV值在9.5%和16.2%之间。所有其他歧管的应用变化都非常小。 Impellicone,Rotaflow和Equa-flow歧管在两种速率下均表现出最低的测量变化,在168 kg N / ha(150 lb N /英亩)的速率下,CV在6%范围内时表现出最佳性能对记录的温度和压力数据的分析表明,流经系统的NH3非常接近饱和线,并充当饱和混合物。该结果支持了基于理想绝热混合物的NH3质量预测。对CV,空气温度和NH3气相体积百分比之间的相关性进行研究仅导致了视觉趋势,这可能表明CV降低而气相体积百分比较低。结果表明,更换了常规歧管使用垂直大坝歧管或任何其他测试的歧管可以在84 kg N / ha(75 lb N /英亩)的情况下将应用变化减少7.0%至16.5%,在168 kg N / ha(150的情况下)减少1.0%和10.2%磅N /英亩)。通过消除过度使用以补偿变化的需求,此更改可以降低使用率。

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