PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TALOKud(Muntingia calabura) SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI BAKTERIudAeromonas hydrophila TERHADAP STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI INSANGudIKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

摘要

AbstractudMotile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is a disease caused by bacterialudpathogens Aeromonas hydrophila. The conventional methods use antibiotics andudchemicals to prevent the disease, although it has negative impact, like antibioticudresistance, antibiotic accumulation in the body, and environmental contamination.udThe usefulness of natural compounds is well known to prevent quorum sensingudsystem, and it has not negative impact to the environment, and bacterialudresistance. The aim of this research were to find out the optimum concentrationudof ethanol extract of jamaica cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura) that could beudused to reduce the amount of bacteria in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waterudculture, and to find out the effect of ethanol extract of jamaica cherry leavesud(Muntingia calabura) to the survival rate, behavior, diet, and histological structureudof the gills of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).udTilapia fish were immersed in the water involved by A. hydrophila bacterialudwith the concentration of colony bacteria, that was 1,5x108 colony/mL and talokudleaf ethanol extract in different concentration, that were: 140 ppm, 150 ppm, 160udppm, 170 ppm, dan 180 ppm. . The immersion treatment was done once in theudfirst day of the research, it was immersed during 90 minute and continued withudobservation of the behavior of fish, like: swim pattern and eat pattern, for 3udweeks. The gill histology was observed by taking the gill of the fishes whichudcould live after 3 weeks and the fishes which died before 3 weeks.udEthanol extract of jamaica cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura) coulduddecreased the bacterial amount in the water was 170 ppm concentration. Ethanoludextract of jamaica cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura) in 180 ppm concentrationudhave the highest survival rate of the fishes. During immersion fish shown stress, itudwere appeared into the surface, moved randomly, and stayed in the bottom of theudaquarium. The feeding response in fish were decrease after immersion, andudincreased in the sixth days after immersion. The gill histology of fish afterudexpossured by jamaica cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura) ethanol extract,udshowed edema, hiperplasia, and lamella fusion.udKeyword: Oreochromis niloticus, Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), quorumudsensing, Aeromonas hydrophila, ethanol extract, jamaica cherry leavesud(Muntingia calabura).