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Mental workload and neural efficiency quantified in the prefrontal cortex using fNIRS

机译:使用fNIRS量化前额叶皮层的精神工作量和神经效率

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摘要

An improved understanding of how the brain allocates mental resources as a function of task difficulty is critical for enhancing human performance. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a fielddeployable optical brain monitoring technology that provides a direct measure of cerebral blood flow in response to cognitive activity. We found that fNIRS was sensitive to variations in task difficulty in both real-life (flight simulator) and laboratory settings (tests measuring executive functions), showing increased concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and decreased concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) in the prefrontal cortex as the tasks became more complex. Intensity of prefrontal activation (HbO2 concentration) was not clearly correlated to task performance. Rather, activation intensity shed insight on the level of mental effort, i.e., how hard an individual was working to accomplish a task. When combined with performance, fNIRS provided an estimate of the participants’ neural efficiency, and this efficiency was consistent across levels of difficulty of the same task. Overall, our data support the suitability of fNIRS to assess the mental effort related to human operations and represents a promising tool for the measurement of neural efficiency in other contexts such as training programs or the clinical setting.
机译:对大脑如何根据任务难度分配智力资源的更好理解对于增强人类绩效至关重要。功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)是一种可现场部署的光学脑部监测技术,可对认知活动做出反应,直接测量脑部血流。我们发现,fNIRS对现实生活中(飞行模拟器)和实验室环境(测试执行功能的测试)中任务难度的变化很敏感,显示出氧合血红蛋白(HbO2)浓度增加而脱氧血红蛋白(HHb)浓度降低。前额叶皮质随着任务变得越来越复杂。前额叶激活的强度(HbO2浓度)与任务绩效没有明显关系。而是,激活强度使人们对精神努力的水平有洞察力,即个人为完成任务而付出的努力。结合性能,fNIRS可以估算出参与者的神经效率,并且该效率在同一任务的各个难度水平上都是一致的。总体而言,我们的数据支持fNIRS评估与人类手术相关的精神努力的适用性,并且代表了在其他情况下(例如培训计划或临床环境)测量神经效率的有前途的工具。

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