Modélisation prospective de l'industrie diffuse pour l'évaluation de l'impact de politiques de Maîtrise De l'Énergie (MDE) à partir du générateur de modèle TIMES : la récupération de chaleur par Pompes à Chaleur (PAC) dans l'industrie agroalimentaire

摘要

The growing energy prices due to the rarefaction of the fossil fuels and the consideration of the environmental impacts makes inevitable the involvement of industrials to promote energy efficiency policy and emissions reductions. We notice that the Non-energy intensive industry (NEI), by opposition to the energy intensive industry (EI), is expected to play an important role because of their economic and energy importance and its relatively high growth rate. It becomes then a priority target especially since it has been neglected in energy analysis despite the continuing policy interest in energy efficiency and the many reports and book written on the topic. How can NEI contribute effectively to the reduction of the energy consumptions and the CO2 emissions? Which technologies and/or policies should be implemented to reach these objectives?This PhD work is then based on a technical economic optimization of the sectoral energy system, by using a “bottom-up” model with TIMES framework, in a relevant prospective approach of the energy and environmental consequences of MDE policies in NEI. This model relies on a representation by energy end-uses contrary to the EI because of the unsuitability of the approach product/process. As part of this, we analyzed the industrial heat recovery on processes through the deployment of HP in Food & Drink industry, the most important NEI's sector.Then, this prospective modelling allows observing the shape of investments of HP in response to energy constraints or incentive policies within the mechanism of Energy Savings Certificate or valuation of CO2 emissions. It can give, on one hand, a possibility of study which giving the different adjustment of a tax on gas emissions by the authorities of regulation to reach their environmental and energy objectives in NEI over a medium or long-term horizon. On the other hand, it is very useful as a good decision-making tool by determining differentiated costs for energy savings within the investments of efficient technologies at the highest level of disaggregation for a better sectoral screening